Alternative Investments covers private equity, real estate, hedge funds, commodities, and infrastructure across Levels 1 and 2. Most candidates underinvest here. This guide covers everything you need to earn full marks in the category.
The MPS is one of the most misunderstood aspects of the CFA exam. Understanding how it works — and what it means for how you allocate your study effort — can change your strategy significantly.
GIPS is tested at every CFA level but avoided by most candidates. This plain-English breakdown covers the core requirements, the most tested concepts, and how to approach GIPS questions without getting lost in the details.
Quant is 8% of CFA Level 1. Here is a focused breakdown of the formulas and concepts that actually appear on the exam — and what you can safely deprioritise.
Portfolio Management is 12% of CFA Level 1 — the second largest topic weight. Here is a focused breakdown of what you need to master.
Passed Level 1? Here is what is genuinely different about Level 2 — and how to adjust your study approach accordingly.
CFA Level 3 is hard enough without a 50-hour work week. This is the time-efficient, high-ROI study framework built specifically for candidates who can't quit their jobs to prepare.
The CFA Level 3 constructed response section trips up even well-prepared candidates. This guide covers the format, the grading rubric logic, and the specific writing habits that convert knowledge into marks.
Equity Valuation is the highest-weighted topic at CFA Level 2 and a major component at Level 1. This model-by-model guide covers what each approach tests, when to apply it, and the specific errors that appear most often in exam scenarios.